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This was the last of Charles Darwin's books,
Abinger, Roman villa at, 178 Castings from
Roman villa, with rounded particles, 253
Acids of humus, action on rocks, 240
Africa, dust from, 235
Air, currents of, worms sensitive to, 28
Amount of earth brought to the surface by worms, 129
Ants, intelligence of, 93
Archiac, D, criticisms on my views, 4
Artemisia, leaves of, not eaten by worms, 33
Ash-tree, petioles of, 79
Beaulieu Abbey, burial of the old pavement, 193
Beaumont, Élie de, on vegetable mould, 2
Beech-forests, stones not buried under by castings, 144
Bengal, worms of, 123
Bones, crushed, burial of, under castings, 146
Brading, Roman villa at, 199
Castings from, with rounded particles, 254,
316
Bridgman, Mr., on worms eating leaves of a Phlox, 33
Buckman, on grasses profiting by being rolled, 10
Burial of the remains of ancient buildings by worms, 176
Burrows, depth of, 109
Direction of, on a slope, 270
Excavation of, 98
Burrows lined with black earth, 111
Burroughs lined with leaves, 112
Burrough mouths of, worms lie motionless near, 15
Burrows old, their collapse, 118
Burrows plugged up, 58
Burrows terminating in a small chamber, often lined with stones or seeds,
114
Calciferous glands, 17, 43
Cannibal worms, 36
Carnagie, Mr., depth of burrows, 114
Castings, acid, 52
Castings from Beaulieu, 101
Castings from, with rounded particles, 255
Tower-like, near Nice, 106
Castings ejection of, 116
Tower-like, from near Calcutta, 123
Great size on the Nilgiri Mountains, 126
Weight of, from a single burrow and from a given area, 160
Thickness of layer formed from, during a year, 169
Ejected over ancient buildings, 253
Flowing down slopes, 261
Washed away, 272
Dry, disintegration of, 275
Blown to leeward, 283
Cells, free, with calcareous matter in the calciferous glands, 47
Cellulose, digestion of, 37, 317
Chalk-formation, surface of, much denuded, 137
Chalk, residue of, forming a superficial deposit, 138
Fragments of, soon buried and corroded, 139
Formation of mould over, 297
Chedworth, Roman villa of, 197
Circular trenches near Stonehenge, 287
Claparède, structure of the intestines of worms, 19
The salivary glands of worms, 42
The calciferous glands, 44
The pharynx adapted for suction, 56
Doubts whether earth serves worms as food, 102,
105
The gizzards of worms, 246
Clematis, petioles of, used in plugging up burrows, 58,
77
Cobra-snake, intelligence of, 94
Collapsing of old burrows, 118
Concluding remarks, 305
Concretions of lime in the anterior calciferous glands, 45
Calcareous, use of, 54
Corals, mud derived from, 256
Corniche Road, disintegrated castings on, 276,
281
Croll, Mr., on denudation, 233
Crowns or ridges on old ploughed fields, 292
Currents of air, worms sensitive to, 28
Dancer, Mr., on the action and number of worms,
146, 159
Deafness of worms, 26
Débris, over the Roman remains at Silchester, 201
Decay of leaves not hastened by the secretion with which they are bathed,
38
Denudation of the land, 230
Depth to which worms burrow, 109
Depth of burrows, 110
Digaster, 246, 318
Digestion of worms, 37
Extra-stomachal, 43
Disintegration of rocks, aided by worms, 240
Distribution of worms, 120
Down, amount of earth here brought annually to the surface, 137
Downs near Winchester, valleys in, 301
Dust, distance transported, 235, 237
Earth, amount of, brought to the surface by worms, 129
Amount of, which flows down a given slope, 266
Swallowed as food, 100
Weight of, ejected from a single burrow, 160
Eisen, number of species of worms, 9
Depth of burrows, 110
Ejection of castings, 116
Embankments on hill-sides, 278, 282
Encampments, ancient, 290
Ernst, Dr., on worms at Caracas, 121
Excavation of the burrows, 98
Fabre, M., on the instincts of Sphex, 93
Farrer, Mr. T. H., on the Roman villa at Abinger, 178,
188
Fat eaten by worms, 36
Fields formerly ploughed, 292
Fish, Mr., criticisms on my views, 6
Flints, standing vertically in the residue over the chalk, 138
acted on externally and internally by atmospheric agencies, 245
Flowing down of castings, 261
Fluid, digestive, of worms, 37, 319
Food of worms, leaves, 35
Earth, 100
Foster, Michael, on the pancreatic ferment, 37
Acidity of the contents of the intestines, 52
Foundations, deep, of the Roman buildings at Wroxeter, 227
Furrows on old ploughed fields, 292
Galton, Mr., on the number of dead worms, 14
Geikie, Archibald, on Denudation, 233
Controverts É. de Beaumonts views on Denudation, 289
James, controverts Richthofens views, 237
Glaciated rocks, 245
Geographical distribution of worms, 120
Gizzards of worms, 246
Glands, calciferous, 17, 43
Function of, 49
Glen Roy, evidence of rarity of debacles, 260
Haast, Von, on aboriginal instruments in New Zealand found buried, 147
Hearing, sense of, 26
Heat, perception of, 25
Heaths, inhabited by few worms, except where paths cross them, 10
Hensen on the number of worms in gardens, 5
Wrms not subsisting on earth, 108
Depth of burrows, 110
Nnumber of worms living in a given area, 158
The composition of mould, 238
The amount of humus formed by two worms, 310,
320
Henslow, Prof., on ledges on hill-sides, 278
Hoffmeister, number of species of worms, 9
Worms hybernating in company, 34
Perception of light by worms, 20, 22
The enemies of worms, 62
Hybernation of worms, 114
Hooker, Sir J., on ledges of earth on the Himalaya, 278
Humus acids, action of on rocks, 240, 244
Instinct of worms, 35
Intelligence of worms, 35,
64
Intestines of worms, their contents acid, 51
Islands, inhabited by worms, 120
Johnson, Dr. H., on the Roman remains at Wroxeter, 222,
228
Ammonia in worm-castings, 242
Johnson, S. W., 'How Crops Feed, 242
Joyce, Rev. J. G., on the Roman remains at Silchester, 201
Julien, Mr. A. A., on the composition of peat, 238
The humus acids, 240, 244
Key, Rev. H., on the burial of cinders by worms, 146
King, Dr., on the formation of mould in forests in France, 5
Knole Park, beech-woods, worms absent, 12
Koninck, De, on the disintegration of rocks, 235
Laburnum leaves, 67
Land, denudation of, 230
Lankester, Ray, on the structure of worms, 18
Worms from Kerguelen Land, 121
La Plata, dust storms of, 236
Layard, Mr., on the habits of the cobra, 94
Leaves, worms distinguish the taste of different kinds, 32
Consumed by worms, 35
Their decay not hastened by the alkaline secretion with which they are
bathed, 38
Decayed, generate acids, 50
Used in plugging up burrows, 65
Used to line burrows, 112
Ledges of earth on hill-sides, 278
Léon, F., on the digestive fluid of worms, 38
Light, perception of, by worms, 20
Lime, carbonate, concretions of, 45
Maer Hall, amount of earth brought to surface, 130
Mallett, Mr., on the sinking of the ground under great buildings, 158
Meat, raw, eaten by worms, 36
Mental qualities of worms, 34
Mint, leaves of, only nibbled, 33
Mississippi, drainage area of, 233
Möbius on the habits of a pike, 94
Moniligaster, 246
Morren on worms surviving long immersion, 13
on worms lying motionless near mouths of their burrows, 15,
322
Morren on worms eating sugar, 36
Disappearance of the calciferous glands during winter, 48
on stones in the gizzards of worms, 247, 249
Mould, thickness of, annually ejected by worms, 169
Thickness of, over Roman remains at Chedworth, 199
Nature and thickness of, over the Roman remains at Silchester, 218
Thickness of, at Wroxeter, 223
Formation and thickness of, over the chalk, 297
Mountains, worms absent from, 12
Müller, Fritz, on the worms in South Brazil, 121
Nice, castings near, 106
disintegrated castings near, 276
Night, worms leave their burrows, 14
Nilgiri Mountains, castings on, 126
Objects strewed on the surface soon buried under castings, 130
Obliteration of old furrows on ploughed land, 292
Odours, degree of sensitiveness to, by worms, 29 on castings near Nice,
106, 117
Great castings on the Nilgiri Mountains and in Ceylon, 126
Weight of castings near Nice, 163
Disintegrated castings on the Corniche road, 276,
281
The washing away of the castings on the Nilgiri Mountains, 274
Pancreatic secretion, 37 not acid, 53
Paper, triangles of, 82
Path, paved, burial of, by worm-castings, 145
Paths inhabited by worms, 10
Pavement, modern, undermined by worms, 192
Pavements, ancient, subsidence of, at Silchester, 212
Peat, formation of, 239
Percolation of earth into the chalk, 297,
323
Perichæta, naturalized near Nice, 106
Perrier, worms surviving long immersion, 13
The calciferous glands, 44
The action of the pharynx, 56
The burrowing power of worms, 99
Naturalized worms, 106
Worms killed by acetic acid, 159
The gizzards of worms, 246, 249
Petioles of Clematis, 77
of the ash, 79
Pharynx, action of, 56
Pike, stupidity of, 94
Pine-leaves used in plugging up burrows, 58,
70
Lining burrows, 112
Pipes, formation of, in the chalk, 137
Playfair on Denudation, 290
Ploughed fields, old, 292
Plugging up of the burrows, 58
use of the process, 62
Prehension, power of, by worms, 56
Qualities, mental, of worms, 34
Ramsay, Mr., on the sinking of a pavement undermined by worms, 192
Denudation, 231
Remains, ancient, buried by worms, 176
Rhododendron leaves, 69
Richthofen on dust deposits in China, 237
Robinia, petioles of, 81
Rocks, disintegration of, aided by worms, 240
triturated in the gizzards of worms, 249
Rolling down of dry castings, 275
Romanes, Mr., on the intelligence of animals, 95,
324
Sachs on living roots corroding rocks, 243
Sage, leaves of, not eaten by worms, 33
Saliva, doubtful whether any secreted by worms, 42
Saussure, H. De, on brick-pebbles, 254
Schmulewitsch on the digestion of cellulose, 37
Scott, Mr. J., on worms near Calcutta, 123
Seeds preserved in the burrows of worms, 115
Semper on various animals swallowing sand, 102
Senses of worms, 19
Silchester, old Roman town, 201
Silica, colloid, acted on by the humus acids, 242
Sinking of the pavements at Silchester, 212
Sites inhabited by worms, 9
Smell, sense of, 29
Social feelings of worms, 34
Sorby, Mr., on the trituration of small particles of rock, 257
Starch eaten by worms, 36
Digestion of the granules in the cells of leaves, 41
St. Catherine's Hill, near Winchester, 302
Stones, great, undermined by worms at Leith Hill and at Stonehenge, 148
Small, heaped over burrows, 60
Small, in the gizzards of worms, 247
Rounded in the gizzards of worms, 249
Stonehenge, great stones of, undermined by worms, 154
Circular trenches near, 287
Structure of worms, 16
Subsidence of the pavements at Silchester, 212
Suction, power of, 56
Sugar eaten by worms, 36
Summary of whole book, 305
Surface, objects strewed on, buried under castings, 130,
325
Taste, power of, 32
Thickness of the layer of mould annually ejected by worms, 169
Mould over the remains at Chedworth, 199
Mould over the remains at Silchester, 218
Mould over the Roman remains at Wroxeter, 223
The rubbish underlying great cities, 178
The transport of dust, 237
The permanence of mould, 289
The permanence of ancient tumuli, 290
Thyme, leaves of, not eaten by worms, 33
Touch, worms highly sensitive to, 28
Triangles of paper, 82
Trituration of particles of rock in the gizzards of worms, 249
Tumuli, ancient, 290
Tylor, Mr. A., on Denudation, 233
Tylor, Mr. E., on anciently ploughed land, 293
Typhosolis, 19
Utricularia, bladders of, 109
Vibrations, worms sensitive to, 27
Vision, power of, in worms, 20
Walls, ancient, at Abinger, penetrated by worms, 188
Penetrated by worms at Silchester, 209
Washing away of castings, 272
Wedgwood, Mr., on the formation of mould, 3
Weight of earth ejected from a single burrow, 160
Whitaker, Mr, on Denudation, 232
White, on worms leaving their burrows at night, 14
Winchester, chalk formation near, 301
Wind, action of, on castings, 283
Worms, nocturnal, 13
Large numbers occasionally die, 14
Dead eaten by other worms, 36, 326
Worms, contents of intestines, acid, 51
Their castings, acid, 52
Power of suction, 56
Plugging up their burrows, 58
Formation of their burrows, 98
Number of, living in a given area, 158
Penetrating ancient walls, 188, 209
Gizzards of, and the trituration of the containe stones, 246
Prefer to live in fine earth, 291
Wright, Mr., on the age of Wroxeter, 221
Wroxeter, old Roman town of, 221
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